How much should a test result change our estimate of disease probability? Rick and Greg explain likelihood ratios, using clinical examples to connect pre-test and post-test probability and explore how this approach can inform diagnostic decisions.
Podcast – Likelihood Ratios: Critical Appraisal Nugget 12 Read More
Why is diagnosis more than a yes-or-no answer? Iain Beardsell and Simon Carley use chest pain to explore how tests move clinical probability, linking sensitivity, specificity and likelihood ratios to decisions about further investigation and treatment in the second part of their diagnostic reasoning series.
Podcast – Diagnosis in Emergency Medicine Part 2 – Beyond a simple yes or no Read More
How can the same treatment benefit sound dramatic or modest depending on how it is described? This 2014 podcast explores relative and absolute risk reduction, numbers needed to treat and harm, and the use of natural frequencies to explain benefits and harms to patients.
Podcast – Number Needed to Treat (NNT) Read More
How does disease prevalence change the meaning of a diagnostic test result? In this 2014 podcast, Iain Beardsell and Simon Carley discuss residual risk, the consequences of missed diagnoses and over-investigation, and how shared decisions and clear return advice can help patients navigate uncertainty.
Podcast – Diagnosis in Emergency Medicine Part 3 – The importance of prevalence Read More
